The camera should be at approx. eye height
The eyes should be at a 1/3 point in the frame
A thin face can be compensated by tipping the head up or down
A wide face can be compensated by turning the head left or right
When turning the face, keep both eyes fully visible
Have subject pose as if at work or play
Do not have subject stand or sit square to the camera
Have subject lower the far shoulder
If female, head s/b tipped toward higher shoulder (S-curve)
If male, head s/b tipped toward low shoulder (square to shoulders)
Make legs more slender by subject pointing or standing on toes
Show slenderness by pulling dress tight with clothespin behind, sidelight
Accent slenderness by turning body at angle to camera
Get a funny-face picture
Take the picture, let subject relax, take it again!
Use a 2-1 lighting ratio for women and children, 3-1 or higher for men
Jewelry box effect: foreground 2-3 stops brighter than background
A catchlight should be reflected in the eyes for vitality
The light should be from 0-45 degrees above eye level
Watch for shadows under the nose, and in eye sockets
Backlight hair & shoulders (watch for lens flare!)
Use window or shade lighting if available
Dark hair s/b backlit or against light background, light hair against dark
Have a foreground, midground, background. Use diagonals
Shooting buildings, hold camera square to building
Handheld speed s/b faster than 1/lens length
Shutter speed should be 1/film speed, full sun use f16 "sunny 16"
Slide film, expose for the highlights; print film, expose for the shadows
Focus on the subject, then read the distance off of lens
With flash, all subjects should be same distance away (5-20 ft away best)
W/fill flash set for exist light @1/90 move flash for proper exp
Set exposure BEFORE using filter mask or white/black backgnd
Best depth of field 1/3 of the way in
Multi-exp: take up slack, shoot, hold button & cock, shoot, shoot blank
Settings and Formulas:
f stops: 1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22
shutter: 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/15 1/30 1/60 1/125 1/250 1/500 1/1000
film sp: 25 . . 50 . . 100 . . 200 . . 400 . . 800 . . 1600 (25,32,40)
ASA Film sensitivity doubles as ASA number doubles
DIN Film sensitivity doubles as DIN number increases by 3
f = GN/distance GN = f*distance distance = GN/f
New GN = Old GN * SQRT(New ASA/Old ASA)
Magnification = Image size/Subject size = Image dist / Subject dist
Field Of View = Dist * 2 * TAN(Angle / 2)
1 / Focal Length = 1 / ImgDist + 1 / ObjDist
Exposure = Illumination * Time
Human Eye Angle of View = 46 deg
Diopters = 1/focal len(meters) = 1000/focal len
View distance = Focal len * Magnification ASA SB-15 SB-18
1mm = .04 inches 1in = 25.4 mm 100 82 66 ft
28mm = 1.12in 50mm = 2in 200mm = 8in 200 115 92
35mm film = 24mm x 36mm (2:3) Diam:43.27mm 400 164 131
800 233 187
Camera Checks:
After loading film take up slack with rewind knob, set film speed
Make sure rewind knob turns when advancing film
Check exposure compensation = 0, aperture, shutter speed, batteries
Rewind slowly, use memo holder!
Watch for lens flare, vignetting
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